Automate MySQL Database Backup via Cronjob

Automating a MySQL Database backup in cPanel will take a few minutes of work, but only needs to be set up once.

The backup cron will continue to create backup files until your disk space is completely filled up.
In order to prevent this, you will create a logrotate file as well as another cronjob entry to automatically rotate out the older backups, to keep disk space down.

Create the Backup cron job in cPanel

You will need to know your Database username and database password in order to configure the backup.

1) Log into your cPanel

2) Go to Advanced -> Cron Jobs

3) Enter the email you wish to email the results of the cron job to.

4) Scroll down a bit, and either select a common setting (Once a day, once a week, etc) from the drop down. or enter a custom entry for days, weeks, months, etc.



5) For the command to run, enter the following command. Replace CPANELUSERNAME with your cpanel username. Replace DBUSERNAME with your database username. Replace PASSWORD with the database password, and CPANELUSERNAME with your cPanel username.
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> /usr/bin/mysqldump -uDBUSERNAME -pPASSWORD dbname > /home/CPANELUSERNAME/dbname_$date.sql </syntaxhighlight>
For Example, cPanel username is example, database name is mydatabase, and database password is mypassword <syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> /usr/bin/mysqldump -umyusername -pmypassword mydatabase > /home/example/mydatabase_$date.sql </syntaxhighlight>
This will create a sql file in your /home/cpanelusername directory with a name of: mydatabase_20180101.sql

6) Click the blue "Add New Cron Job" button when done.

Create the Log Rotation config file

You will need to create a logrotate directory under your home directory, and a my,conf fike to enter the directives you will need. Here are the contents of a sample my.conf file:
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> /home/CPANELUSER/mydatabase*.sql { daily rotate 3 compress } </syntaxhighlight>

This is set to rotate daily, keeping the 3 newest backups. They will be called something similar to mydatabase_20180103.sql.gz, mydatabase_20180102.sql.gz, and mydatabase_20180101.sql.gz, and the oldest will rotate out when the next one is created.

Set up the Log Rotation cron job

This will be similar to Step 1, where you set up the mysql database backup. The command to enter would be similar to:

<syntaxhighlight lang="bash"> 30 2 * * * /usr/sbin/logrotate -s /home/example/logrotate/my.conf > /dev/null 2>&1 </syntaxhighlight>
This will run the rotation at 2:30 in the morning daily, using the my.conf file for the instructions.

After you click the blue Add New Cron Job button, give the cron a day and check if the backup runs.